Present perfect and Past perfect

Present perfect                                   


I have
You have
He/She/It has        +   Past Participle
We have
You have
They have

Na negativa em vez de have/has, usa- se haven´t /hasn´t

- Usa-se para falar de alguma coisa que fizeste no passado e o resultado disso ainda continua no presente.

Exemplo: I have finished my homework. Significa que fizeste os teus trabalhos de casa no passado (talvez na noite passada, na semana passada, etc) e os teus trabalhos de casa continuam contigo no presente enquanto estás a falar.


Past Perfect

I had
You had
He/She/It had        +   Past Participle
We had
You had
They had

Na negativa em vez de had, usa-se  hadn´t.

- Usa-se para dizer alguma coisa que fizeste no passado e o resultado do que fizeste não continua no futuro.

Exemplo: I had had an Iphone last year. Significa que no passado (provavelmente ontem, na semana passada, no ano passado, etc..) tu tinhas o teu iPhone contigo mas entretanto perdeste-o e não o tens agora.

Present Simple and Present Continuous

Present Simple

Peter plays tennis- Peter joga ténis.
Isto quer dizer que faz parte da rotina do Peter jogar ténis. Ou seja, é um hábito.

Assim sendo, com advérbios de frequência (frequency adverbs) usa-se o Present Simple.


Frequency adverbs: always, often, frequently, occasionally, rarely and never.


Present Continuous

Peter is playing tennis- Peter está a jogar ténis.
Isto quer que o Peter está a jogar ténis neste momento (right now).

Algumas expressões que indicam que se deve usar o Present Continuous: at the moment, these days, now and nowadays.

American vs British English

AmE	BrE	Translation
apartment	flat	apartamento
bar	pub	bar
ketchup	Tomato sauce	molho de tomate
cookies	biscuits	bolachas
movie	film	filme
closet	wardrobe	armário
vacation	holiday	férias
soccer	football	futebol
candies	sweets	doces
sweater	jumper	suéter
elevator	lift	elevador
French fries	chips	batatas fritas
sneakers	trainers	sapatilhas
pants	trousers	calças
bathroom	toilet	casa-de-banho
fall	autumn	outono

Shopping phrases

Shopping

Questions

• Can I help you?
• Could you tell me where the... department is?
• Which size/colour would you like?
• Where can I try this on, please?
• Do you have this a (larger/smaller size/different colour), please

Answers /Comments

• It' s too long/short/tight/loose/big/small.
• The changing rooms are over there.
• You can change it or get a refund within 2 weeks if you keep receipt.

Paying

Questions

• How much is it?
• Do you take credit/debit cards?
• Do you have a loyalty card?
• Can I pay by cheque?
• Do you offer a discount?
• Could I have a receipt, please?

Answers /Comments

• We take all the cards.
• We only accept credit/debit cards or cash.
• Sorry, no.
• Yes, certainly.

Conteúdos teste 3.º período_Environment

Vocabulary related to:

- The environment;

- Environmental problems and solutions.

Grammar:

- If Clauses: Type 0 and type 1

- Verbs : would, could, must and have to.

English Formative Test about the Environment.

http://explicananet-ingles.blogspot.pt/2009/11/english-formative-test-about.html

Food and containers

Food and Containers (recipientes):

- a bag of crisps;
- a tube of toothpaste;
- a box of matches/chocolates
- a packet of cheese/rice;
- a tub of margarine;
- a carton of milk/juice;
- a jar of pickles/ham;
- a can of coke;
- a pot of honey;
- a tin of beans/tuna/sardines;
- a cup of tea;
- a bowel of soup;
- a glass of water;
- a bottle of wine.

Objetivos 1.º teste_1.º período (2014/2015)

- Present Simple.
- Present Continuous.
- Present Simple and present continuous.
- Adjetives + prepositions.
- British and American English.
- Hobbies and free time activities.

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Normal	Comparative	Superlative
Fat	Fatter than	The fattest
Hot	Hotter than	The hottest
Big	Bigger than	The biggest
Sad	Sadder than	The saddest
Wet	Wetter than	The wettest
Slim	Slimmer than	The slimmest
Thin	Thinner than	The thinnest
Happy	Happier than	The happiest
Sunny	Sunnier than	The sunniest
Funny	Funnier than	The funniest
Good	Better than	The best
Bad	Worse than	The worst
Tall	Taller than	The tallest
Short	Shorter than	The shortest
High	Higher than	The highest
Low	Lower than	The lowest
Large	Larger than	The largest
Old	Older than	The oldest
Young	Younger than	The youngest
Small	Smaller than	The smallest
Kind	Kinder than	The kindest
Beautiful	More beautiful  than	The most beautiful
Comfortable	More comfortable than	The most comfortable
Interesting	More interesting than	The most interesting
Modern	More modern than	The most modern

Speaking

1

What´s your name?
My name is....

What´s your surname?
My surname is....

How do you spell that?


Where do you come from? / Where do you live?
I come from Portugal. I live in Apúlia.

Do you speak English at school?
Yes, I do.

What other subjects do you study?
I study: Maths, Study Skills (Estudo Acompanhado), Art (Educação Visual e Tecnológica), Visual Arts (Educação Visual), Music (Educação Musical), Portuguese, Civics (Formação Cívica), Physical Education (Educação Física), History  (História ), Science (Ciências), Religious Education (Educação Moral e Religiosa), Project Work (Área de Projecto), French (Francês), Physics and Chemistry (Físico-Química).

What subject do you like best? Why?
I like ______ because...

What subject is the most difficult? Why?
Maths, because it takes time and energy.
........... because I don´t have patient to Maths.
........... because I don´t understand.

FOOD
What food do you like best? /What´s your favourite food? Why?
Fried diced pork with blood rice, from Minho (Rojões à moda do Minho), because I like the taste.

Where do you usually have lunch?

I usually have lunch at school.

.............................. at home.

FAMILY

Who do you live with?

I live with my parents and my brother/my sister.

How many brother and sisters have you got?

I have got.....

What does your father/mother do?

How old are they?

Have you got a pet?

SPORTS

Do you practise any sports?

What´s your favourite sport? Why?

When do you usually practise sport?

Who do practise sport with?

COUNTRY/TOWN

What do you like about your country / town? Why?

What can you do to spend time in your town?

FRIEND

Who is your best friend?

How old is he/she?

What do you like about your friend? Why?
I like his/her sense of humour because he/she makes me laugh

What do you usually do with him/her?
I usually play video games with him
I usually go shopping with her.

CLOTHES

What kind of clothes do you like? Why?

Where do you buy your clothes?~
At the shopping.

What´s your favourite colour? Why?

Passive Voice

Como passar uma frase na voz activa para a voz passiva?
 
MacDonald´s sells chicken nuggets.

Chicken nuggets are sold by MacDonald´s.

Nota: Identificas o tempo verbal em que está a frase (sells- está no Present Simple); Na voz passiva o verbo "to be" terá de ficar no Present Simple e o verbo principal fica no particípio passado (Past Participle).

They bought the house.

The house was bought by them.

Nota: O verbo "bought" está no Past Simple, logo na voz passiva o verbo "To be" tem de estar também no Simple Past. Quanto ao verbo principal (bought) fica no particípio passado.

* Para formar o Past Participle dos verbos regulares, é só acrescentar "ed", tal como acontece com o Simple Past.

For or Since

- Usa-se FOR quando está a falar-se de um período de tempo.

- Usa-se SINCE quando esrá a falar-se sobre um início de um período.

Exemplos:

She has lived in London for four years.

She has lived in London since 2005.

Teste 1.º teste_1.º período

Read the following test carefully:

Peter: Bjorn, your English is amazing. It´s really good, and people from Sweden, your country, also often speak really good English. Could you talk about your secret? Why is your English so good?

Bjorn: First, I would like to thank you for your comment. That´s really nice. Well, in Sweden, you start to learn English when you are three or four years old by watching television, because we have a lot of programmes that are British or American and so we tend to watch a lot those kinds of programmes. That´s what happened to me. But it was at school that I really started to learn grammar and vocabulary. In Sweden we study English from the second grade up to high school. I was really enthusiastic about learning not only Mathematics, Drawing and other subjects but also a new language that some other people in other countries speak. I wanted to be able to speak with them as well.

So, apart from watching films and learning at school, Swedish learners are also lucky because there are a lot of people in Sweden that are from other countries, and so many times it actually happens that you have to ask them something or they come



A- Complete the sentences with the words given:

search engine; software; mail; mobiles; modem

1. About 75% of the world's ___________ is written in English.
2. A____________ helps you find information in the internet.
3. The device that connects  your computer to the internet is the___________.
4. Computer games also called ____________________.
5. Portable phones are______________________.

B. Complete the sentences with the present simple.

1. My cousins ____________ (live) in England but come to Portugal every summer.
2. Eva and Hans ___________(study) for theirs final exams at the moment.
3. I ________ (have) a German lesson every Monday.
4. George________ (not live) because he hasn´tgot his driving licence.
5. He____________(go) to the gym five times a week.

C. Write complete sentences in the present continuous.

1. Are you / write / letter / your / parents?
2. He / learn / speak / English.
3. I / save / money / because / I / want to go / London.
4. She / go / on holiday / soon.
5. They / sell / their house / and / will buy / new one next month.

D. Build sentences using the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.

1. e-mails / I / text messages / usually / or / write.
2. He / football / play / now.
3. I / speak / English / French / but / learn / I / now.
4. I Like / French / watch / films.
5. you / tomorrow? / What / do

Verbos - Modais

Os verbos modais (ex. can, could, may, might, should, etc.):

• Permitem-nos exprimir capacidade, possibilidade, permissão, obrigação, proibição, forte probabilidade, etc.)
  

He can play tennis.
Ele sabe jogar ténis. (capacidade)


She might come.
Ela pode vir. (possibilidade)

You may go.
Podes ir. (permissão)

• Apenas quatro verbos modais têm a forma no passado, mas não são verdadeiramente verbos do passado:

can.......could

may.....might

shall.....should

will......would

Present Perfect Simple

The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.

Form of Present Perfect
- Affirmative
I / you / we / they- I have spoken.
he / she / it- He has spoken.

- Negative
I / you / we / they- I have not spoken.
he / she / it- He has not spoken.

- Interrogative
Have I spoken?
Has he spoken?

Use of Present Perfect

- puts emphasis on the result
Example: She has written five letters.

- action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.

- action that stopped recently
Example: She has cooked dinner.

- finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have lost my key.

- action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
Example: I have never been to Australia.

- Signal Words of Present Perfect
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

- Exercises on Present Perfect:
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple

If Clauses- First and Second Conditional

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ Expressam uma situação/condição possível ou provável de vir a acontecer no futuro.

Form: If + Present Simple + Future Simple (will/won´t + infinitive)

Example: If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.


Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ Expressam uma situação/condição improvável ou hipotética no presente ou no futuro.

Form: If + Past Simple + Conditional I (would/wouldn´t + infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

🔺 A ordem da frase condicional pode ser trocada. Ao inverter a ordem da frase, a vírgula é substituída por if que separa as duas partes da frase.

Example: If you eat so many chocolates, you will have a spotty face.
                You will have a spotty face if you eat so many chocolates.


Exercises:

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences